乐中彩票 - -(中国)360百科

来源：乐中彩票2020-07-06 17:48

用当代方式“激活”经典******

　　作者：王润

　　新年伊始，“首届央华·保利剧场戏剧节”在北京保利剧院开幕。此次戏剧节开幕大戏，是连续两天下午和晚上先后演出的连台戏《雷雨》和《雷雨·后》。前者是曹禺先生经典之作，后者则是曹禺之女万方的作品，二者都由法国戏剧导演埃里克·拉卡斯卡德执导。由于此次埃里克未能来华，所以央华戏剧艺术总监王可然与导演张瑞共同复排了两部作品。连台戏《雷雨》和《雷雨·后》的上演，既是两代人、两个时代的传承与对话，也是不同国度文化之间的阐释与交流。

　　《雷雨》是中国现代戏剧里程碑式的经典杰作，被不断搬上舞台和荧屏，但也曾出现过演出时引起当代观众不合时宜的哄笑现象。这让人不由得深思：经典在今天应该如何呈现，才能让当代人产生心灵共鸣？曹禺女儿万方和央华戏剧，分别用不同的方式，共同给出了回答。这也正是连台戏《雷雨》《雷雨·后》上演的意义所在，它让人们看到了更深远、更广阔也更隐秘之处，同时也看到了更多的可能性。

　　《雷雨》原著有序幕和尾声，而众多演出几乎都将其删去，这让曹禺曾感慨这种删减影响了剧本想展现的“审美的距离”。而万方的《雷雨·后》正是以序幕和尾声的年代作为起点，从剧中人物的老年开始，提供了一个新的视角。当《雷雨》的故事过去几十年后，死了的早已死去，活着的度过了漫漫人生，这时候，岁月和时间赋予了《雷雨》另一副面目。复杂的人性、无常的人生，一切经过时间的海浪日复一日地冲刷和洗涤之后，露出更深的一层，那些埋藏很深的真相显露了出来。经历过巨大悲剧的周朴园、蘩漪和鲁侍萍如何面对往事与彼此？而周萍、四凤、周冲这些逝去的年轻生命，又会怎样在他们的记忆中闪现？万方在《雷雨·后》中大胆想象，打破了传统“三一律”的结构，用诗化的舞台语言，创造出了具有当代性的散文式结构，其中既蕴含了她对父亲及其笔下人物的深刻情感，更凝聚着她对人生、对情感、对命运的态度与思考。

　　《雷雨·后》在演出前激发了很多观众的好奇心，演出后也引起了热烈的争议。大家都觉得，既然曹禺女儿可以如此自由、勇敢、大胆、创新地去对待父亲的经典之作，我们为何不能有更多的创作勇气和思考空间呢？

　　万方绝非需要“沾父亲的光”，但始终保持开放心态的她，正是以这样的方式，不断“激活”经典，传承并发展父亲在时代变迁中观察人生、体察人性的戏剧高度。和万方有着相同戏剧理念的王可然，一直致力于让中国戏剧具有更强的当代性，他极为赞赏万方的创作，并在西方戏剧界最终选中了法国大导演埃里克·拉卡斯卡德。

　　面对《雷雨》和《雷雨·后》，埃里克有着自己独特的视角。他在《雷雨》中看到了多层的戏剧力量，其中既有欲望和绝望，爱和死亡；还有女性在男权体制下对自由的渴望，以及父子之间的冲突；同时还有贫富与阶层问题，这是古今中外都关注的问题。同时他认为《雷雨·后》的写作很当代，也是非常棒的剧本。为此，他给出的舞台诠释也是既有扎实的经典戏剧力量，又有超越时空的当代感。观众们看到的不只是上世纪一个中国封建传统家庭的故事，而是一个在全球化语境下探讨人类命运和洞察人性的艺术经典。记者方非摄

乐中彩票

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.